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FOUR MAJOR TRANSFORMATIONS by HERBERT MEYER (forwarded by Wayne Kmieczak)
Currently, there are four major transformations that are shaping
political, economic and world events. These transformations have
profound implications for American business owners, our culture and
our
way of life.
1. The War in Iraq
There are three major monotheistic religions in the world:
Christianity, Judaism and Islam. In the 16th century, Judaism and
Christianity reconciled with the modern world. The rabbis, priests
and
scholars found a way to settle up and pave the way forward. Religion
remained at the center of life, church and state became separate.
Rule
of law, idea of economic liberty, individual rights, human
Rights-all
these are defining points of modern Western civilization. These
concepts
started with the Greeks but didn't take off until the 15th and 16th
century when Judaism and Christianity found a way to reconcile with
the
modern world. When that happened, it unleashed the scientific
revolution
and the greatest outpouring of art, literature and music the world
has
ever known.
Islam, which developed in
the 7th century, counts millions of Moslems
around the world who are normal people. However, there is a radical
streak within Islam. When the radicals are in charge, Islam attacks
Western civilization. Islam first attacked Western civilization in
the
7th century, and later in the 16th and 17th centuries. By 1683, the
Moslems (Turks from the Ottoman Empire) were literally at the gates
of
Vienna. It was in Vienna that the climatic battle between Islam and
Western civilization took place. The West won and went forward.
Islam
lost and went backward. Interestingly, the date of that battle was
September 11. Since them, Islam has not found a way to reconcile
with
the modern world.
Today, terrorism is the
third attack on Western civilization by
radical Islam. To deal with terrorism, the U.S. is doing two things.
First, units of our armed forces are in 30 countries around the
world
hunting down terrorist groups and dealing with them. This gets very
little publicity. Second we are taking military action in
Afghanistan
and Iraq.
These are covered
relentlessly by the media. People can argue about
whether the war in Iraq is right or wrong. However, the underlying
strategy behind the war is to use our military to remove the
radicals
from power and give the moderates a chance. Our hope is that, over
time,
the moderates will find a way to bring Islam forward into the 21st
century. That's what our involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan is all
about.
The lesson of 9/11 is that
we live in a world where a small number of
people can kill a large number of people very quickly. They can use
airplanes, bombs, anthrax, chemical weapons or dirty bombs. Even
with a
first-rate intelligence service (which the U.S. does not have), you
can't stop every attack. That means our tolerance for political
horseplay has dropped to zero. No longer will we play games with
terrorists or weapons of mass destructions.
Most of the instability
and horseplay is coming from the Middle East.
That's why we have thought that if we could knock out the radicals and
give the moderates a chance to hold power, they might find a way to
reconcile Islam with the modern world. So when looking at
Afghanistan or
Iraq, it's important to look for any signs that they are
modernizing.
For example, women being
brought into the workforce and colleges in
Afghanistan is good. The Iraqis stumbling toward a constitution is
good.
People can argue about
what the U.S. is doing and how we're doing it,
but anything that suggests Islam is finding its way forward is good.
2. The Emergence of
China
In the last 20 years,
China has moved 250 million people from the
farms and villages into the cities. Their plan is to move another
300
million in the next 20 years. When you put that many people into the
cities, you have to find work for them. That is why China is
addicted to
manufacturing; they have to put all the relocated people to work.
When
we decide to manufacture something in the U.S., it's based on market
needs and the opportunity to make a profit. In China, they make the
decision because they want the jobs, which is a very different
calculation.
While China is addicted to
manufacturing, Americans are addicted to
low prices. As a result, a unique kind of economic codependency has
developed between the two countries. If we ever stop buying from
China,
they will explode politically. If China stops selling to us, our
economy
will take a huge hit because prices will jump. We are subsidizing
their
economic development; they are subsidizing our economic growth.
Because of their huge
growth in manufacturing, China is hungry for raw
materials, which drives prices up worldwide. China is also thirsty
for
oil, which is one reason oil is now at $60 a barrel. By 2020, China
will
produce more cars than the U.S. China is also buying its way into
the
oil infrastructure around the world. They are doing it in the open
market and paying fair market prices, but millions of barrels of oil
that would have gone to the U.S. are now going to China. China's
quest
to assure it has the oil it needs to fuel its economy is a major
factor
in world politics and economics. We have our Navy fleets protecting
the
sea lines, specifically the ability to get the tankers through. It
won't
be long before the Chinese have an aircraft carrier sitting in the
Persian Gulf as well. The question is, will their aircraft carrier
be
pointing in the same direction as ours or against us?
3. Shifting
Demographics of Western Civilization
Most countries in the
Western world have stopped breeding. For a
civilization obsessed with sex, this is remarkable. Maintaining a
steady
population requires a birth rate of 2.1. In Western Europe, the
birth
rate currently stands at 1.5, or 30 percent below replacement. In 30
years there will be 70 to 80 million fewer Europeans than there are
today. The current birth rate in Germany is 1.3. Italy and Spain are
even lower at 1.2. At that rate, the working age population declines
by
30 percent in 20 years, which has a huge impact on the economy.
When you don't have young
workers to replace the older ones, you have
to import them. The European countries are currently importing
Moslems.
Today, the Moslems
comprise 10 percent of France and Germany, and the
percentage is rising rapidly because they have higher birthrates.
However, the Moslem
populations are not being integrated into the
cultures of their host countries, which is a political catastrophe.
One
reason Germany and France don't support the Iraq war is they fear
their
Moslem populations will explode on them. By 2020, more than half of
all
births in the Netherlands will be non-European.
The huge design flaw in
the post-modern secular state is that you need
a traditional religious society birth rate to sustain it. The
Europeans
simply don't wish to have children, so they are dying.
In Japan, the birthrate is
1.3. As a result, Japan will lose up to 60
million people over the next 30 years. Because Japan has a very
different society than Europe, they refuse to import workers.
Instead,
they are just shutting down. Japan has already closed 2000 schools,
and
is closing them down at the rate of 300 per year. Japan is also
aging
very rapidly. By 2020, one out of every five Japanese will be at
least
70 years old. Nobody has any idea about how to run an economy with
those
demographics.
Europe and Japan, which
comprise two of the world's major economic
engines, aren't merely in recession, they're shutting down. This
will
have a huge impact on the world economy, and it is already beginning
to
happen. Why are the birthrates so low? There is a direct correlation
between abandonment of traditional religious society and a drop in
birth
rate, and Christianity in Europe is becoming irrelevant. The second
reason is economic. When the birth rate drops below replacement, the
population ages. With fewer working people to support more retired
people, it puts a crushing tax burden on the smaller group of
working
age people. As a result, young people delay marriage and having a
family. Once this trend starts, the downward spiral only gets worse.
These countries have
abandoned all the traditions they formerly held
in regards to having families and raising children.
The U.S. birth rate is
2.0, just below replacement. We have an
increase in population because of immigration. When broken down by
ethnicity, the Anglo birth rate is 1.6 (same as France) while the
Hispanic birth rate is 2.7. In the U.S., the baby boomers are
starting
to retire in massive numbers. This will push the elder dependency
ratio
from 19 to 38 over the next 10 to 15 years. This is not as bad as
Europe, but still represents the same kind of trend.
Western civilization seems
to have forgotten what every primitive
society understands-you need kids to have a healthy society.
Children
are huge consumers. Then they grow up to become taxpayers. That's
how a
society works, but the post-modern secular state seems to have
forgotten
that. If U.S. birth rates of the past 20 to 30 years had been the
same
as post-World War II, there would be no Social Security or Medicare
problems.
The world's most effective
birth control device is money. As society
creates a middle class and women move into the workforce, birth
rates
drop. Having large families is incompatible with middle class
living.
The quickest way to drop
the birth rate is through rapid economic
development. After World War II, the U.S. instituted a $600 tax
credit
per child. The idea was to enable mom and dad to have four children
without being troubled by taxes. This led to a baby boom of 22
million
kids, which was a huge consumer market that turned into a huge tax
base.
However, to match that
incentive in today's dollars would cost $12,000
per child.
China and India do not
have declining populations. However, in both
countries, there is a preference for boys over girls, and we now
have
the technology to know which is which before they are born. In China
and
India, many families are aborting the girls. As a result, in each of
these countries there are 70 million boys growing up who will never
find
wives. When left alone, nature produces 103 boys for every 100
girls. In
some provinces, however, the ratio is 128 boys to every 100 girls.
The birth rate in Russia
is so low that by 2050 their population will
be smaller than that of Yemen. Russia has one-sixth of the earth's
land
surface and much of its oil. You can't control that much area with
such
a small population. Immediately to the south, you have China with 70
million unmarried men; are a real potential nightmare scenario for
Russia.
4. Restructuring of
American Business
The fourth major
transformation involves a fundamental restructuring
of American business. Today's business environment is very complex
and
competitive. To succeed, you have to be the best, which means having
the
highest quality and lowest cost. Whatever your price point, you must
have the best quality and lowest price. To be the best, you have to
concentrate on one thing. You can't be all things to all people and
be
the best.
A generation ago, IBM used
to make every part of their computer. Now
Intel makes the chips, Microsoft makes the software, and someone
else
makes the modems, hard drives, monitors, etc. IBM even out sources
their
call center. Because IBM has all these companies supplying goods and
services cheaper and better than they could do it themselves, they
can
make a better computer at a lower cost. This is called a fracturing
of
business. When one company can make a better product by relying on
others to perform functions the business used to do itself, it
creates a
complex pyramid of companies that serve and support each other.
This fracturing of
American business is now in its second generation.
The companies who supply IBM are now doing the same thing-outsourcing
many of their core services and production process. As a result,
they
can make cheaper, better products. Over time, this pyramid continues
to
get bigger and bigger. Just when you think it can't fracture again,
it
does. Even very small businesses can have a large pyramid of
corporate
entities that perform many of its important functions. One aspect of
this trend is that companies end up with fewer employees and more
independent contractors.
This trend has also
created two new words in business, "integrator"
and "complementor." At the top of the pyramid, IBM is the
integrator. As
you go down the pyramid, Microsoft, Intel and the other companies
that
support IBM are the complementors. However, each of the
complementors is
itself an integrator for the complementors underneath it. This has
several implications, the first of which is that we are now getting
false readings on the economy. People who used to be employees are
now
independent contractors launching their own businesses. There are
many
people working whose work is not listed as a job. As a result, the
economy is perking along better than the numbers are telling us.
Outsourcing also confused
the numbers. Suppose a company like General
Motors decides to outsource all its employee cafeteria functions to
Marriott (which it did). It lays off hundreds of cafeteria workers,
who
then get hired right back by Marriott. The only thing that has
changed
is that these people work for Marriott rather than GM. Yet, the
headlines will scream that America has lost more manufacturing jobs.
All
that really happened is that these workers are now reclassified as
service workers. So the old way of counting jobs contributes to
false
economic readings. As yet, we haven't figured out how to make the
numbers catch up with the changing realities of the business world.
Another implication of
this massive restructuring is that because
companies are getting rid of units and people that used to work for
them, the entity is smaller. As the companies get smaller and more
efficient, revenues are going down but profits are going up. As a
result, the old notion that revenues are up and we're doing great
isn't
always the case anymore. Companies are getting smaller but are
becoming
more efficient and profitable in the process.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE
FOUR TRANSFORMATIONS
1. The War in Iraq
In some ways, the war is
going very well. Afghanistan and Iraq have
the beginnings of a modern government, which is a huge step forward.
The
Saudis are starting to talk about some good things, while Egypt and
Lebanon are beginning to move in a good direction.
A series of revolutions
have taken place in countries like Ukraine and
Georgia. There will be more of these revolutions for an interesting
reason. In every revolution, there comes a point where the dictator
turns to the general and says, "Fire into the crowd." If the
general
fires into the crowd, it stops the revolution. If the general says
"No,"
the revolution is over.
Increasingly, the generals are saying "No"
because their kids are in the crowd.
Thanks to TV and the
Internet, the average 18-year old outside the
U.S. is very savvy about what is going on in the world,
especially in terms
of popular culture. There is a huge global consciousness, and young
people around the world want to be a part of it. It is increasingly
apparent to them that the miserable government where they live is
the
only thing standing in their way. More and more, it is the
well-educated
kids, the children of the generals and the elite, who are leading
the
revolutions.
At the same time, not all
is well with the war. The level of violence
in Iraq is much worse and doesn't appear to be improving. It's
possible
that we're asking too much of Islam all at one time. We're trying to
jolt them from the 7th century to the 21st century all at once,
which
may be further than they can go. They might make it and they might
not.
Nobody knows for sure. The
point is, we don't know how the war will
turn out. Anyone who says they know is just guessing.
The real place to watch is
Iran. If they actually obtain nuclear
weapons it will be a terrible situation. There are two ways to deal
with
it. The first is a military strike, which will be very difficult.
The
Iranians have dispersed their nuclear development facilities and put
them underground. The U.S. has nuclear weapons that can go under the
earth and take out those facilities, but we don't want to do that.
The
other way is to separate the radical mullahs from the government,
which
is the most likely course of action.
Seventy percent of the
Iranian population is under 30. They are Moslem
but not Arab. They are mostly pro-Western. Many experts think the
U.S.
should have dealt with Iran
before going to war with Iraq. The problem
isn't so much the weapons, it's the people who control them. If Iran
has
a moderate government, the weapons become less of a concern.
We don't know if we will
win the war in Iraq. We could lose or win.
What we're looking for is any indicator that Islam is moving into
the
21st century and stabilizing.
2. China
It may be that pushing 500
million people from farms and villages into
cities is too much too soon. Although it gets almost no publicity,
China
is experiencing hundreds of demonstrations around the country, which
is
unprecedented. These are not students in Tiananmen Square. These are
average citizens who are angry with the government for building
chemical
plants and polluting the water they drink and the air they breathe.
The Chinese are a smart
and industrious people. They may be able to
pull it off and become a very successful economic and military
superpower. If so, we will have to learn to live with it. If they
want
to share the responsibility of keeping the world's oil lanes open,
that's a good thing. They currently have eight new nuclear electric
power generators under way and 45 on the books to build. Soon, they
will
leave the U.S. way behind in their ability to generate nuclear
power.
What can go wrong with
China? For one, you can't move 550 million
people into the cities without major problems. Two, China really
wants
Taiwan, not so much for economic reasons, they just want it. The
Chinese
know that their system of communism can't survive much longer in the
21st century. The last thing they want to do before they morph into
some
sort of more capitalistic government is to take over Taiwan.
We may wake up one morning
and find they have launched an attack on
Taiwan. If so, it will be a mess, both economically and militarily.
The
U.S. has committed to the military defense of Taiwan. If China
attacks
Taiwan, will we really go to war against them? If the Chinese
generals
believe the answer is no, they may attack. If we don't defend
Taiwan,
every treaty the U.S. has will be worthless. Hopefully, China won't
do
anything stupid.
3. Demographics
Europe and Japan are dying
because their populations are aging and
shrinking. These trends can be reversed if the young people start
breeding. However, the birth rates in these areas are so low it will
take two generations to turn things around. No economic model exists
that permits 50 years to turn things around. Some countries are
beginning to offer incentives for people to have bigger families.
For
example, Italy is offering tax breaks for having children. However,
it's
a lifestyle issue versus a tiny amount of money. Europeans aren't
willing to give up their comfortable lifestyles in order to have
more
children.
In general, everyone in
Europe just wants it to last a while longer.
Europeans have a real talent for living. They don't want to work very
hard. The average European worker gets 400 more hours of vacation
time
per year than Americans. They don't want to work and they don't want
to
make any of the changes needed to revive their economies.
The summer after 9/11,
France lost 15,000 people in a heat wave. In
August, the country basically shuts down when everyone goes on
vacation.
That year, a severe heat
wave struck and 15,000 elderly people living
in nursing homes and hospitals died. Their children didn't even
leave
the beaches to come back and take care of the bodies. Institutions
had
to scramble to find enough refrigeration units to hold the bodies
until
people came to claim them.
This loss of life was five
times bigger than 9/11 in America, yet it
didn't trigger any change in French society. When birth rates are so
low, it creates a tremendous tax burden on the young. Under those
circumstances, keeping mom and dad alive is not an attractive
option.
That's why euthanasia is
becoming so popular in most European
countries. The only country that doesn't permit (and even encourage)
euthanasia
is Germany, because of all the baggage from World War II.
The European economy is
beginning to fracture. The Euro is down.
Countries like Italy are starting to talk about pulling out of the
European Union because it is killing them. When things get bad
economically in Europe, they tend to get very nasty politically. The
canary in the mine is anti-Semitism. When it goes up, it means
trouble
is coming. Current levels of anti-Semitism are higher than ever.
Germany
won't launch another war, but Europe will likely get shabbier, more
dangerous and less pleasant to live in.
Japan has a birth rate of
1.3 and has no intention of bringing in
immigrants. By 2020, one out of every five Japanese will be 70 years
old. Property values in Japan have dropped every year for the past
14
years. The country is simply shutting down.
In the U.S. we also have
an aging population. Boomers are starting to
retire at a massive rate. These retirements will have several major
impacts:
Possible massive sell-off
of large four-bedroom houses and a movement
to condos.
An enormous drain on the
treasury. Boomers vote, and they want their
benefits, even if it means putting a crushing tax burden on their
kids
to get them. Social Security will be a huge problem. As this
generation
ages, it will start to drain the system. We are the only country in
the
world where there are no age limits on medical procedures. An
enormous
drain on the health care system. This will also increase the tax
burden
on the young, which will cause them to delay marriage and having
families, which will drive down the birth rate even further.
Although scary, these
demographics also present enormous opportunities
for products and services tailored to aging populations. There will
be
tremendous demand for caring for older people, especially those who
don't need nursing homes but need some level of care. Some people
will
have a business where they take care of three or four people in
their
homes. The demand for that type of service and for products to
physically care for aging people will be huge.
Make sure the demographics
of your business are attuned to where the
action is. For example, you don't want to be a baby food company in
Europe or Japan. Demographics are much underrated as an indicator of
where the opportunities are. Businesses need customers. Go where the
customers are.
4. Restructuring of
American Business
The restructuring of
American business means we are coming to the end
of the age of the employer and employee. With all this fracturing of
businesses into different and smaller units, employers can't
guarantee
jobs anymore because they don't know what their companies will look
like
next year. Everyone is on their way to becoming an independent
contractor. The new workforce contract will be a "show up at the my
office five days a week and do what I want you to do, but you handle
your own insurance, benefits, health care and everything else" deal.
Husbands and wives are
becoming economic units. They take different
jobs and work different shifts depending on where they are in their
careers and families. They make tradeoffs to put together a
compensation
package to take care of the family. This used to happen only with
highly
educated professionals with high incomes. Now it is happening at the
level of the factory floor worker. Couples at all levels are
designing
their compensation packages based on their individual needs. The
only
way this can work is if everything is portable and flexible, which
requires a huge shift in the American economy.
The U.S. is in the process
of building the world's first 21st century
model economy. The only other countries doing this are U.K. and
Australia. The model is fast, flexible, highly productive and
unstable
in that it is always fracturing and re-fracturing. This will
increase
the economic gap between the U.S. and everybody else, especially
Europe
and Japan.
At the same time, the
military gap is increasing. Other than China, we
are the only country that is continuing to put money into their
military. Plus, we are the only military getting on-the-ground
military
experience through our war in Iraq. We know which high-tech weapons
are
working and which ones aren't. There is almost no one who can take
us on
economically or militarily. There has never been a superpower in
this
position before.
On the one hand, this
makes the U.S. a magnet for bright and ambitious
people. It also makes us a target. We are becoming one of the last
holdouts of the traditional Judeo-Christian culture. There is no
better
place in the world to be in business and raise children. The U.S. is
by
far the best place to have an idea, form a business and put it into
the
marketplace. We take it for granted, but it isn't as available in
other
countries of the world.
Ultimately, it's an issue
of culture. The only people who can hurt us
are ourselves, by losing our culture. If we give up our
Judeo-Christian
culture, we become just like the Europeans. The culture war is the
whole
ballgame. If we lose it, there isn't another America to pull us out.
HERBERT MEYER
Herb Meyer served during
the Reagan administration as special
assistant to the Director of Central Intelligence and Vice Chairman
of
the CIA's National Intelligence Council. In these positions, he
managed
production of the U.S. National Intelligence Estimates and other
top-secret projections for the President and his national security
advisers. Meyer is widely credited with being the first senior U.S.
Government official to forecast the Soviet Union's collapse, for
which
he later was awarded the U.S. National Intelligence Distinguished
Service Medal, the intelligence community's highest honor. Formerly
an
associate editor of FORTUNE, he is also the author of several books.
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